Milrinone Citations: The Vasopressor & Inotrope Handbook

The following are the citations for my book “The Vasopressor & Inotrope Handbook: A Practical Guide for Healthcare Professionals.” If you stumbled upon this page via a search engine, you have several options to get a copy, as shown below the citations.

  1. Motwani, S. K., and Saunders, H. (2021). Inotropes. Anaesth. Intensive Care Med. 22 (4), 243–248. doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2021.02.011
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  2. Bruno RR, Wolff G, Kelm M, Jung C. Pharmacological treatment of cardiogenic shock – A state of the art review. Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Dec;240:108230. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108230. Epub 2022 Jun 10. PMID: 35697151.
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  3. Bangash MN, Kong ML, Pearse RM. Use of inotropes and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(7):2015-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01588.x. PMID: 21740415; PMCID: PMC3413841.
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  4. Bayram M, De Luca L, Massie MB, Gheorghiade M. Reassessment of dobutamine, dopamine, and milrinone in the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Sep 19;96(6A):47G-58G. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.021. PMID: 16181823.
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  5. Kislitsina ON, Rich JD, Wilcox JE, Pham DT, Churyla A, Vorovich EB, Ghafourian K, Yancy CW. Shock – Classification and Pathophysiological Principles of Therapeutics. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2019;15(2):102-113. doi: 10.2174/1573403X15666181212125024. PMID: 30543176; PMCID: PMC6520577.
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  6. Grose R, Strain J, Greenberg M, LeJemtel TH. Systemic and coronary effects of intravenous milrinone and dobutamine in congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986 May;7(5):1107-13. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80231-5. PMID: 3958369.
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  7. Karlsberg RP, DeWood MA, DeMaria AN, Berk MR, Lasher KP. Comparative efficacy of short-term intravenous infusions of milrinone and dobutamine in acute congestive heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. Milrinone-Dobutamine Study Group. Clin Cardiol. 1996 Jan;19(1):21-30. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960190106. PMID: 8903534.
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  8. Givertz MM, Hare JM, Loh E, Gauthier DF, Colucci WS. Effect of bolus milrinone on hemodynamic variables and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: a rapid test for reversibility of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Dec;28(7):1775-80. doi: 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00399-3. PMID: 8962566.
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  9. Botha P, Parry G, Dark JH, Macgowan GA. Acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous sildenafil citrate in congestive heart failure: comparison of phosphodiesterase type-3 and -5 inhibition. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009 Jul;28(7):676-82. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.04.013. Epub 2009 May 13. PMID: 19560695.
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  10. Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O’Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M; Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF) Investigators. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1541-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.12.1541. PMID: 11911756.
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  11. Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J. The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Nov 3;54(19):1747-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.015. PMID: 19874988.
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  12. Baruch L, Patacsil P, Hameed A, Pina I, Loh E. Pharmacodynamic effects of milrinone with and without a bolus loading infusion. Am Heart J. 2001 Feb;141(2):266-73. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2001.111404. PMID: 11174341.
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  13. Petersen JW, Felker GM. Inotropes in the management of acute heart failure. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;36(1 Suppl):S106-11. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000296273.72952.39. PMID: 18158469.
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  14. Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc. Primacor – Milrinone (Package Insert). U.S. Food and Drug Administration website. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/019436s021s022lbl.pdf. Revised January 2003. Accessed November 2023. 
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  15. Valkovec AM, Kram SJ, Henderson JB, Levy JH. Renal Dysfunction and Arrhythmia Association in Patients Receiving Milrinone After Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Mar;37(3):353-359. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.11.027. Epub 2022 Nov 25. PMID: 36566129.
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  16. Metra M, Nodari S, D’Aloia A, Muneretto C, Robertson AD, Bristow MR, Dei Cas L. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Oct 2;40(7):1248-58. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02134-4. PMID: 12383572.
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  17. Boldt J, Kling D, Moosdorf R, Hempelmann G. Enoximone treatment of impaired myocardial function during cardiac surgery: combined effects with epinephrine. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1990 Aug;4(4):462-8. doi: 10.1016/0888-6296(90)90292-n. PMID: 2151889.
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  18. Royster RL, Butterworth JF 4th, Prielipp RC, Zaloga GP, Lawless SG, Spray BJ, Kon ND, Wallenhaupt SL, Cordell AR. Combined inotropic effects of amrinone and epinephrine after cardiopulmonary bypass in humans. Anesth Analg. 1993 Oct;77(4):662-72. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199310000-00003. PMID: 8214647.
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  19. Rossinen J, Harjola VP, Siirila-Waris K, Lassus J, Melin J, Peuhkurinen K, Nieminen MS. The use of more than one inotrope in acute heart failure is associated with increased mortality: a multi-centre observational study. Acute Card Care. 2008;10(4):209-13. doi: 10.1080/17482940802262376. PMID: 18720087.
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  20. Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, Ivanhoe RJ, DiBianco R, Zeldis SM, Hendrix GH, Bommer WJ, Elkayam U, Kukin ML, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 Nov 21;325(21):1468-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199111213252103. PMID: 1944425.
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  21. Felker GM, Benza RL, Chandler AB, Leimberger JD, Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Gheorghiade M, O’Connor CM; OPTIME-CHF Investigators. Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Mar 19;41(6):997-1003. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02968-6. PMID: 12651048.
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  22. Mager G, Klocke RK, Kux A, Höpp HW, Hilger HH. Phosphodiesterase III inhibition or adrenoreceptor stimulation: milrinone as an alternative to dobutamine in the treatment of severe heart failure. Am Heart J. 1991 Jun;121(6 Pt 2):1974-83. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(91)90834-5. PMID: 1852090.
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