CYANOKIT package insert (single 5-g vial), Columbia, MD: Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc.; 2017
Link to Package Insert
Hydroxocobalamin. Lexicomp online. Hudson, OH, Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. Accessed December 6, 2019.
Lin Y, Vu TQ. Use of High-Dose Hydroxocobalamin for Septic Shock: A Case Report. A A Pract. 2019 May 1;12(9):332-335. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000928. PMID: 30431443.
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Ortoleva JP, Cobey FC. A Systematic Approach to the Treatment of Vasoplegia Based on Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019 May;33(5):1310-1314. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.025. Epub 2018 Nov 24. PMID: 30598380.
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Diaz Soto JC, Nabzdyk CGS. Running on (Too Many) Fumes? Gaseous Mediators in Septic Shock: A Possible Role for High-Dose Vitamin B12. Chest. 2023 Feb;163(2):262-263. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.10.012. PMID: 36759109.
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Shapeton AD, Mahmood F, Ortoleva JP. Hydroxocobalamin for the Treatment of Vasoplegia: A Review of Current Literature and Considerations for Use. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019 Apr;33(4):894-901. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.017. Epub 2018 Aug 11. PMID: 30217583.
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Busse LW, Barker N, Petersen C. Vasoplegic syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery-review of pathophysiology and update of treatment options. Crit Care. 2020 Feb 4;24(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2743-8. PMID: 32019600; PMCID: PMC7001322.
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Patel JJ, Willoughby R, Peterson J, Carver T, Zelten J, Markiewicz A, Spiegelhoff K, Hipp LA, Canales B, Szabo A, Heyland DK, Stoppe C, Zielonka J, Freed JK. High-Dose IV Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Septic Shock: A Double-Blind, Allocation-Concealed, Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (The Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin in Septic Shock Trial). Chest. 2023 Feb;163(2):303-312. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.09.021. Epub 2022 Sep 26. PMID: 36174744.
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Ortoleva J, Shapeton AD. Seeing Red: Hydroxocobalamin and Result Interference. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Aug;37(8):1339-1342. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.03.017. Epub 2023 Mar 17. PMID: 37120323.
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Brokmeier HM, Seelhammer TG, Nei SD, Gerberi DJ, Mara KC, Wittwer ED, Wieruszewski PM. Hydroxocobalamin for Vasodilatory Hypotension in Shock: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis for Comparison to Methylene Blue. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Sep;37(9):1757-1772. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.006. Epub 2023 Apr 7. PMID: 37147207.
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Vollmer N, Wieruszewski PM, Martin N, Seelhammer T, Wittwer E, Nabzdyk C, Mara K, Nei SD. Predicting the Response of Hydroxocobalamin in Postoperative Vasoplegia in Recipients of Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022 Aug;36(8 Pt B):2908-2916. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.01.021. Epub 2022 Jan 20. PMID: 35181236. NTDL
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Shah PR, Reynolds PS, Pal N, Tang D, McCarthy H, Spiess BD. Hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of cardiac surgery-associated vasoplegia: a case series. Can J Anaesth. 2018 May;65(5):560-568. English. doi: 10.1007/s12630-017-1029-3. Epub 2017 Dec 5. PMID: 29209927.
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Legrand M, Michel T, Daudon M, Benyamina M, Ferry A, Soussi S, Maurel V, Chaussard M, Chaouat M, Mimoun M, Verine J, Mallet V, Mebazaa A; PRONOBURN Study Group. Risk of oxalate nephropathy with the use of cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin in critically ill burn patients. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jun;42(6):1080-1. doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4252-4. Epub 2016 Feb 18. PMID: 26891675.
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Roderique JD, VanDyck K, Holman B, Tang D, Chui B, Spiess BD. The use of high-dose hydroxocobalamin for vasoplegic syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 May;97(5):1785-6. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.08.050. PMID: 24792267.
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Vollmer N, Wieruszewski PM, Martin N, et al. Predicting the response of hydroxocobalamin in postoperative vasoplegia in recipients of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022;36:2908–2916. Three doses
Sacco AJ, Cunningham CA, Kosiorek HE, Sen A. Hydroxocobalamin in Refractory Septic Shock: A Retrospective Case Series. Crit Care Explor. 2021 Apr 26;3(4):e0408. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000408. PMID: 33912838; PMCID: PMC8078293.
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Shah PR, Reynolds PS, Pal N, Tang D, McCarthy H, Spiess BD. Hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of cardiac surgery-associated vasoplegia: a case series. Can J Anaesth. 2018 May;65(5):560-568. English. doi: 10.1007/s12630-017-1029-3. Epub 2017 Dec 5. PMID: 29209927.
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Weinberg JB, Chen Y, Jiang N, Beasley BE, Salerno JC, Ghosh DK. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by cobalamins and cobinamides. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Jun 15;46(12):1626-32. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.017. Epub 2009 Mar 27. Erratum in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1;51(7):1471. PMID: 19328848; PMCID: PMC2745708.
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Legrand M, Michel T, Daudon M, Benyamina M, Ferry A, Soussi S, Maurel V, Chaussard M, Chaouat M, Mimoun M, Verine J, Mallet V, Mebazaa A; PRONOBURN Study Group. Risk of oxalate nephropathy with the use of cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin in critically ill burn patients. Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jun;42(6):1080-1. doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4252-4. Epub 2016 Feb 18. PMID: 26891675.
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Boettcher BT, Woehlck HJ, Makker H, Pagel PS, Freed JK. Hydroxocobalamin for treatment of catecholamine-resistant vasoplegia during liver transplantation: A single-center series of 20 cases. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Sep;98:107488. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107488. Epub 2022 Aug 10. PMID: 35981485; PMCID: PMC9399471.
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Kumar N, Rahman GR, Falkson S, Lu SY, Dalia A. Hydroxocobalamin in Refractory Vasodilatory Shock: More Questions than Answers. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Sep;37(9):1773-1775. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.05.001. Epub 2023 May 6. PMID: 37225547.
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Hiruy A, Ciapala S, Donaldson C, Wang L, Hohlfelder B. Hydroxocobalamin Versus Methylene Blue for the Treatment of Vasoplegic Shock Associated With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023 Jul 19:S1053-0770(23)00503-7. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.07.015. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37586951.
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HOW TO CITE CLINICALTRIALS.GOV (http://CLINICALTRIALS.GOV)
ClinicalTrials.gov. Clinical effects of methylene blue vs hydroxocobalamin in patients at risk of vasoplegia during cardiac surgery Available at:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03446599. Accessed October 25, 2019.
HOW TO CITE PRICES
Methylene blue. Lexicomp online. Hudson, OH, Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. Accessed December 6, 2019.
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